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Black |country = France }} The French Social Party ((フランス語:Parti Social Français), PSF) was a French nationalist political party founded in 1936 by François de La Rocque, following the dissolution of his Croix-de-Feu league by the Popular Front government. France's first right-wing mass party, prefiguring the rise of Gaullism after the Second World War,〔Jacques Nobécourt, lecture at the Academy of Rouen, 7 February 1998; published in ''AL'' № 59, July 1998.〕 it experienced considerable initial success but disappeared in the wake of the fall of France in 1940. ==Background and origins (1927–36)== La Rocque envisioned the PSF as the more explicitly political successor of the Croix-de-Feu, the World War I veterans' organization founded in 1927, which had by the early 1930s emerged as the largest 〔P. Machefer. "Les Croix-de-Feu 1927-1936", ''Information historique'', № 1 (1972), p. 28-33.〕 and one of the most influential of interwar France's numerous far-right leagues. Though the Croix-de-Feu had adopted as its slogan "''Social d'abord''" ("Social First") as a counter to the "''Politique d'abord''" ("Politics First") of Action Française, it espoused the political goals elaborated by La Rocque in his tract ''Service Public'' — including social-Catholic corporatism, the institution of a minimum wage and paid vacations (''congés payés''), women's suffrage, and the reform of parliamentary procedure.〔François de La Rocque. ''Service public'' (1934).〕 The programme of the Social Party would further develop these same themes, advocating "the association of capital and labour", a traditional platitude of French conservatism, and the reform of France's political institutions along presidential lines, in order to bolster the stability and authority of the state.〔La Rocque (1934).〕 Though the Croix-de-Feu participated in the demonstrations of 6 February 1934, La Rocque forbade its members from involving themselves in the subsequent riot, demonstrating a respect for republican legality that the PSF would also uphold as one of its essential political principles. Thus La Rocque, who had previously maintained a certain mystique with regard to his attitude towards the Republic, explicitly rallied to it, denouncing, in a speech on 23 May 1936, totalitarianism (both Nazi and Soviet) along with racism (with regard to which he explicitly rejected antisemitism) and class struggle, as the principal obstacles to "national reconciliation".〔François de La Rocque. "Bulletin d'infomation du PSF du 8 juillet 1938, discours au Congrés PSF de Marseille, le 8 juin 1937", ''Bulletin des Amis de La Rocque'', № 60 (1998).〕 Nevertheless, critics of the left and centre denounced the Croix-de-Feu, together with the other leagues, as fascist organizations. A desire to defend the republic was not their sole motivation: politicians of the centre-right and left alike opposed La Rocque due to the perceived threat of his success in mobilizing a mass base within their traditional, and particularly working-class, constituencies.〔William D. Irvine. ''French Conservatism in Crisis'' (Louisiana State University Press, 1979), p. 93.〕 Due to the disruptive nature of the leagues' activities, the Laval government outlawed paramilitary groups on 6 December 1935, and although this decision was succeeded by the law of 10 January 1936 regulating militias and combat organizations, the law was only partially implemented: of all the leagues, only Action Française was dissolved, and the Croix-de-Feu was allowed to continue its activities essentially unimpeded. Following the victory of the Popular Front, which had included in its electoral programme a promise to dissolve the right-wing leagues, in the parliamentary elections of May 1936, the government issued a decree banning the Croix-de-Feu, along with the ''Mouvement social français'', on 18 June. Within weeks, on 7 July, La Rocque founded the French Social Party to succeed the defunct league. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French Social Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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